The
absence of nationality, or its decay, or even its adolescence, is a
condition
in which it is not proper or even possible to create enduring political
institutions, whether Federal or unitary, if those institution are to
depend
for any of their vitality on the popular will. The life is not there,
or is but
awaking. ‘Only those,’ says Mr. Alfred Zimmern, in his Nationality
and
Government, ‘who have seen at close quarters what a moral
degradation the
loss of nationality involve, or sampled the drab cosmopolitanism of
Levantine
seaports or American industrial centers can realize what a vast
reservoir of
spiritual power is lying ready, in the form of national feeling, to the
hands
of teachers and statesmen, if only they can learn to direct it to wise
and
liberal ends. The strongest federal unions are those in which the local
patriotism finds a comfortable place within the embrace of the larger
national
patriotism.’… The Thirteen Colonies of the Atlantic Coast of America,
for
instance, grew up in independence, the one from the others, separated
by great
distance and peopled by citizens of very different origins. The climate
of
Boston differed from the climate of Savannah no more than the Bostonian
himself
differed from the gentleman of South Carolina; and if the Rhode
Islander was a
Puritan and democratic individualist, the Virginian was a patrician and
a
Cavalier to his very marrow. When some form of union was forced upon
the
colonies, these differences in habit and outlook made a unitary
Government
impossible, and exerted a determining influence upon the character of
the
federal constitution. So in Switzerland, each canton grew in sturdy
independence in its home of mountain and valley, and only when
compelled by the
instinct of self-preservation to join forces with its neighbors did it
yield
even the meager federal rights of the Swiss Constitution to a National
Government. It has been held by the apologists of Swiss local autonomy
that, after
the Reformation, the Swiss Confederation only survived the strife
between
Catholic and Protestant because its loose bonds lay lightly on both.
The
Catholic canton indeed long withstood the growth of federal power, but
eventually, it tardily, in 1874, consented to pay the small price
required for
the establishment of National Government.”
Sweet land of liberty,
Of thee I sing;
Land where our fathers died!
Land of our Ancestors’ pride!
From every mountain side,
Let freedom ring!
“God save our gracious King,
Long live our Noble King!
God save the King!
For Britain and her King,
Have made our nation free!
Now let our voices ring
God save the King!”
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